When the plaque deposit runs deep into the gums, which are not easily accessible for cleaning and difficult to see by the dentist ,then we advise flap surgery as a last resort to save the tooth or prolong the life of a tooth.In this procedure,local anesthesia is given and the gum is separated from the tooth surface ,like an envelope is opened to retrieve a letter from inside, or opening flap of a purse to retrieve the contents. Once the deposits become accessible, the root surface is cleaned and the gum is restored to its original position with the help of a small stitch.With time the pockets shrink in size, now enabling us to keep these surfaces cleaner with help of interdental brush.Bone grafting A dental bone graft is a procedure performed to increase the amount of bone in a part of the jaw where bone has been lost or where additional support is needed.Bone may be taken from elsewhere in the body and surgically fused to existing bone in the jaw. Some times synthetic bone material used.